PBAT (Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate) and PLA (Polylactic Acid) are types of Compostable plastics each with their own benefits for the environment.
At earth matters we combined these two components with CaCo3 & Corn Starch in order to develop a product with maximum compostability.
What is PBAT? PBAT is a fossil-based polymer, and therefore is not considered a renewable source. That said, PBAT is incredibly compostable. It is capable of breaking down completely when buried in soil through actions of microorganisms, such as fungi, algae and bacteria, and it does not release methane or toxic residues at all. PBAT is designed to be fully compostable due to the presence of butylene adipate groups, while traditional plastic is designed to last as long as possible. In fact, PBAT was developed as part of the solution to combating plastic pollution.
What is PLA? PLA is plant-based and is made up of renewable resources, such as corn starch or sugarcane, and can break down into natural substances when disposed of in the right conditions. It is a form of polyester that is made of lactic acid and lactide produced by fermentation of a carbohydrate source under controlled conditions. The carbohydrate source could be corn starch, sugarcane, or cassava.
There are three distinct types of bags, each with its unique properties and environmental impact. Here are the key differences between them:
Plastic
Polythene Bag
Material
Plastic bags are typically made from traditional polyethylene, a petroleum-based plastic
Environmental Impact
Plastic bags are not biodegradable and can contribute significantly to environmental pollution. Over time, plastic bags can break down into smaller fragments known as microplastics. These tiny particles can infiltrate waterways and marine environments, posing threats to aquatic life and potentially entering the food chain, impacting both wildlife and human health
Recyclability
Some plastic bags can be recycled, but the recycling rates are relatively low, and many end up in landfills or as litter.
Non-woven
fabric bags
Material
Non-woven fabric bags are made from synthetic fibers bonded together mechanically, chemically, or thermally (not through knitting or weaving).
Environmental Impact
Non-woven fabric bags are not biodegradable and can contribute significantly to environmental pollution. Over time, Non woven fabric bags break down into smaller pieces, eventually becoming microplastics. These microplastics can infiltrate waterways and ecosystems, posing a threat to aquatic life and potentially entering the food chain, impacting human health.
Recyclability
Non-woven fabric bags are not easily recyclable due to their complex composition, which includes various synthetic fibers.
Compostable &
Biodegradable bag
Material
Compostable bags are typically made from biodegradable materials, such as cornstarch or PBAT, and are often certified to meet compostability standards (e.g., ASTM D6400, EN 13432)
Environmental Impact
Compostable bags completely break down in 180 days under suitable composting environments. Also break down into organic materials in industrial composting facilities or home compost bins, without leaving behind persistent plastic waste. When compostable bags break down successfully, they can contribute valuable organic matter to the soil, improving its quality and nutrient content.
Recyclability
Compostable plastic bags are not typically recyclable in regular recycling streams but can be composted.
